NCERT HISTORY CLASS-VI
CHAPTER-III PART-I
HARAPPAN CITY
This city is located in present-day Pakistan, this was one of the oldest cities in the subcontinent, also considered as the first city to be discovered. They were established around 4,700 years ago. When engineers laid the first railway line in Punjab, they saw the city and found a rich source of high-quality bricks, then they started destroying these buildings and used the bricks for their construction.
SPECIALITIES
- These cities were divided into two parts
1. CITADEL (west part) - smaller but higher
2. LOWER TOWN (east part) - larger but lower
- The walls of the cities were built using well-baked bricks in an interlocking pattern.
- A special tank was built in Mohenjodaro, Citadel is called the Great Bath. Which is coated with plaster and made water-tight using natural tar and there was a hole for draining out the water after use. This was build for some important people to use on special occasions.
- In other cities like Kalibangan and Lothal had fire altars, where sacrifices have been performed.
Life in the City
This Harappan city was a busy place with the construction of busy place, The Rulers send people to different parts of the country to get valuable goods, stones, terracotta toys, and other things. The houses had separate bathing areas and some wells to fetch water, the drains were steadily laid out in straight line with a gentle slope with wholes to inspect. All three houses, streets, drains were perfectly planned and executed at the same time.
Scribes - The people who knew how to write, and help to prepare the seals.
Craft person - These people make all kinds of special things in their homes, workshops, and in some distant places. They also return with some raw materials.
Most of the things in the Harappan city were found by the Archaeologists are made up of stone, shells, metal, copper, bronze. They made Ornaments using gold and silver, Seal out of stone in rectangular shape with animals carved on them, Also made Pots with beautiful designs.
some achievements
- Their arts were highly admirable and advanced.
- First civilization with good sanitation facilities.
- They developed a uniform weight and measure system.
- They followed a good trade system.